George Smith & the Sweet History of Lollipops

GEORGE SMITH & THE SWEET HISTORY OF LOLLIPOPS

© History Oasis
  • Prehistoric era: Cave dwellers discover honey
  • Ancient times: Egyptians, Chinese, and Arabs create proto-lollipops
  • Middle Ages: Nobility consumes boiled sugar treats on sticks
  • 1905: George Smith experiments with attaching sticks to hard candies
  • 1908: Smith begins selling his lollipop creations
  • 1931: Smith trademarks the term "Lolly Pop."
  • 1934: Shirley Temple performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop"
  • 1939: Lollipop Guild appears in The Wizard of Oz
  • 1969: Iconic Tootsie Pop commercial airs
  • 1973-1978: Lollipops featured in TV series Kojak
  • Present day: Advanced manufacturing techniques and creative flavors

ANCIENT ORIGINS

A caveman eating a honeycomb

The practice of eating candy on a stick can be traced back to the time when humans discovered honey while living in caves.

However, we do know that ancient Egyptians, Chinese, and Arabs indulged in early versions of lollipops made by coating fresh fruits, nuts, and honey.

Archaeological evidence suggests they would put these treats on sticks to make them less sticky.

MIDDLE AGES

middle age nobility eating cake
© History Oasis

The introduction of sugar had a significant impact on the old world.

It led to the creation of new industries focused on candy and chocolate.

During the Middle Ages, the nobility began extensively consuming boiled sugar. At the time, sugar was a rare commodity, and its consumption not only provided a delicious treat but also symbolized wealth and status for the elite.

Early sugar confectioners started producing hardened candy on sticks during this era. Although they didn't specifically refer to them as lollipops, these early treats closely resembled the modern lollipop.

GEORGE SMITH INVENTS THE MODERN LOLLIPOP

George Smith who invented the modern Lollipop
© History Oasis

The modern lollipop was invented by George Smith of New Haven, Connecticut, in the early 20th century.

He is credited with popularizing and naming the lollipop.

Around 1905, Smith began experimenting with leftover candy by melting and wrapping it around sticks to create a simple and enjoyable treat for his children.

He focused on making exciting shapes and colors that would attract children.

His invention was a hit, and he started selling them in 1908 as "used candy sticks." Inspired by a favored racehorse, Smith rebranded his creation as "Lolly Pop," the actual name of his horse.

In 1931, he successfully trademarked "Lolly Pop."

HISTORY OF PRODUCTION METHODS

Lollipops being manufactured by hand
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Smith’s company was the first to start manufacturing lollipops on a large scale. However, the process was tedious, as his workers would create each lollipop by hand, inserting each stick into the gooey candy one at a time.

The introduction of candy-making machinery changed everything.

The Racine Automatic Lollipop Machine and Samuel Born's Born Sucker machine helped produce thousands of lollipops per hour, automating the production and stick insertion process.

TOOTSIE POP

Vintage Tootsie Pop commercial
Source: Tootsie Roll

In 1931, an employee at Tootsie Roll Industries (then The Sweets Company of America) created the Tootsie Pop. It is a beloved hard candy lollipop with a chewy Tootsie Roll in the center.

The Tootsie Pop would go on to become the most popular lollipop in America, especially after its iconic 1969 TV commercial, in which they trademarked the question, "How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?"

LOLLIPOPS IN POPULAR CULTURE

Shirley Temple eating a lollipop
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Lollipops have appeared in various forms in popular entertainment, marking notable moments such as:

  • 1934: Shirley Temple's performance of "On the Good Ship Lollipop" in the film Bright Eyes
  • 1939: The introduction of the Lollipop Guild in The Wizard of Oz, where characters welcomed Dorothy with giant lollipops
  • 1969: The iconic Tootsie Pop commercial asked, "How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?" 
  • 1973-1978: The character Detective Lieutenant Theo Kojak, played by Telly Savalas in the TV series Kojak, famously used lollipops as a prop, juxtaposing a tough persona with a childlike treat

LOLLIPOPS TODAY & BEYOND

© History Oasis

Today, the process of manufacturing lollipops has undergone many fun advancements. Manufacturing methods produce 3D shapes, touchless cooling, and automated wrapping.

Innovative designs, such as edible flowers inside the lollipop, have created beautiful designs that can be used as artistic centerpieces.

Now, lollipops are fully integrated into the modern world and culture.

Lovers of lollipops celebrate National Lollipop Day every July 20th, celebrating the beloved candy-on-a-stick.

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